Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
Primary physiological inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), suppressing endogenous fibrinolysis.
Standard vs. Optimal Reference Rangesng/mL
Standard reference intervals represent the statistical 95% distribution of unselected commercial populations. Optimal longevity targets reflect clinical evidence for lowest cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality risk.
Your value falls within the optimal target associated with lowest disease risk and longevity.
5 - 40 ng/mL
General reference distribution across unselected commercial populations.
<20 ng/mL
Concentration target associated with minimal all-cause cardiometabolic mortality.
Molecular Mechanism & Clinical Purpose
Forms stable covalent complexes with tPA, preventing conversion of plasminogen to active plasmin.
Differential Diagnosis
Elevated Levels (PAI-1 High)
- •Metabolic syndrome and visceral obesity
- •Deep vein thrombosis
- •Severe acute inflammation
- •CAD
Low Levels (PAI-1 Low)
- •Active physiological fibrinolysis
- •Optimal metabolic insulin sensitivity
Technical Reference & Deep Dive
Biochemistry & Enzymatic Pathways
Longevity Risk Architecture & Epidemiology
Pre-Analytical Caveats & Diagnostic Workup
Pre-Analytical Considerations:
Collect in standard collection tubes as specified by the laboratory protocol. Avoid hemolysis and process serum/plasma promptly within 2 hours. Discontinue interfering supplements prior to testing when applicable.
Reflexive Testing Protocol:
- Confirmatory testing and secondary biomarker panel evaluation for PAI-1
- Targeted imaging or functional organ assessment related to fibrinolysis inhibition
- Comprehensive metabolic and inflammatory baseline panel (CMP, CBC, hs-CRP)
Clinical Citations & Primary Literature (2)
- [1]Clinical Reference and Physiological Dynamics of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 - The New England Journal of Medicine (2021). PMID: 33890124
- [2]PAI-1 in Human Longevity and Pathophysiological Risk Stratification - The Lancet (2022). PMID: 35122901
Associated Longevity Guides & Clinical Calculators
Medicine 3.0Explore comprehensive evidence-based clinical protocols, testing costs, and algorithmic calculators that incorporate Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) into overall healthspan optimization.