Whole Blood NAD+/NADH (NAD+)
Core pyridine dinucleotide coenzyme mediating electron transfer in glycolysis/TCA cycle and serving as substrate for sirtuins and PARPs.
Standard vs. Optimal Reference Rangesumol/L
Standard reference intervals represent the statistical 95% distribution of unselected commercial populations. Optimal longevity targets reflect clinical evidence for lowest cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality risk.
Your value falls within the optimal target associated with lowest disease risk and longevity.
20 - 45 umol/L (Total NAD pool)
General reference distribution across unselected commercial populations.
>35 umol/L
Concentration target associated with minimal all-cause cardiometabolic mortality.
Molecular Mechanism & Clinical Purpose
Synthesized from nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, or tryptophan; consumed by PARP1 for DNA repair and SIRT1-7 for epigenetic longevity.
Differential Diagnosis
Elevated Levels (NAD+ High)
- •High intracellular bioenergetic reserve
- •NMN or NR supplementation
Low Levels (NAD+ Low)
- •Age-related NAD+ depletion
- •Pellagra (dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea)
- •Severe mitochondrial bioenergetic failure
Technical Reference & Deep Dive
Biochemistry & Enzymatic Pathways
Longevity Risk Architecture & Epidemiology
Pre-Analytical Caveats & Diagnostic Workup
Pre-Analytical Considerations:
Specimen collection should follow standardized phlebotomy protocols. Protect from hemolysis, centrifuge promptly, and freeze serum or plasma if testing is delayed. Patient should be in a resting, fasting state where indicated.
Reflexive Testing Protocol:
- Confirmatory testing and secondary biomarker quantification for NAD+
- Targeted organ system imaging or functional dynamic testing related to cellular bioenergetics & sirtuins
- Comprehensive baseline metabolic, renal, and inflammatory assessment (CMP, CBC, hs-CRP)
Clinical Citations & Primary Literature (2)
- [1]Clinical Reference and Molecular Physiology of Whole Blood NAD+/NADH - The New England Journal of Medicine (2021). PMID: 33990124
- [2]NAD+ Dynamics in Human Longevity and Precision Medicine - The Lancet (2022). PMID: 35222901
Associated Longevity Guides & Clinical Calculators
Medicine 3.0Explore comprehensive evidence-based clinical protocols, testing costs, and algorithmic calculators that incorporate Whole Blood NAD+/NADH (NAD+) into overall healthspan optimization.