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Biomarker Encyclopedia

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Home/Biomarkers/Hematology & CBC/TPS
Hematology & CBCCytokeratin 18 Cellular Proliferation

Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen (TPS)

Specific circulating fragment of human cytokeratin 18, reflecting active epithelial cell mitotic proliferation rather than total tumor mass.

Standard Range<80.0 U/L
Optimal Longevity<50.0 U/L
Measurement UnitU/L
Organ SystemCytokeratin 18 Cellular Proliferation
Routine Panels:Cell Proliferation Oncology

Standard vs. Optimal Reference RangesU/L

Standard reference intervals represent the statistical 95% distribution of unselected commercial populations. Optimal longevity targets reflect clinical evidence for lowest cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality risk.

Interactive Range Analyzer
Unit: U/L
U/L
Presets:
0 U/LOptimal Zone Target108 U/L
Optimal Longevity Zone(25 U/L)

Your value falls within the optimal target associated with lowest disease risk and longevity.

Standard Reference Interval

<80.0 U/L

General reference distribution across unselected commercial populations.

Optimal Longevity Target

<50.0 U/L

Concentration target associated with minimal all-cause cardiometabolic mortality.

Molecular Mechanism & Clinical Purpose

Released during the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle as dividing epithelial cells assemble and disassemble intermediate filament networks.

Differential Diagnosis

Elevated Levels (TPS High)

  • •Rapidly proliferating epithelial malignancies (breast, prostate, colorectal)
  • •Acute liver cell regeneration

Low Levels (TPS Low)

  • •Indolent, quiescent, or responding tumor state
  • •Cell cycle arrest

Technical Reference & Deep Dive

Biochemistry & Enzymatic Pathways
At the molecular level, Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen (TPS) plays an essential physiological role in cytokeratin 18 cellular proliferation. Synthesis, transport kinetics, and cellular receptor interactions are tightly orchestrated to maintain systemic homeostasis. Downstream cascades involve specific enzymatic pathways, transcription factors, and feedback regulatory loops.
Longevity Risk Architecture & Epidemiology
Dynamic metabolic biomarker of real-time tumor proliferation velocity, rapidly reflecting early response to cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Pre-Analytical Caveats & Diagnostic Workup

Pre-Analytical Considerations:

Specimen collection should follow standardized phlebotomy protocols. Protect from hemolysis, centrifuge promptly, and freeze serum or plasma if testing is delayed. Patient should be in a resting, fasting state where indicated.

Reflexive Testing Protocol:

  • Confirmatory testing and secondary biomarker quantification for TPS
  • Targeted organ system imaging or functional dynamic testing related to cytokeratin 18 cellular proliferation
  • Comprehensive baseline metabolic, renal, and inflammatory assessment (CMP, CBC, hs-CRP)
Clinical Citations & Primary Literature (2)
  • [1]Clinical Reference and Molecular Physiology of Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen - The New England Journal of Medicine (2021). PMID: 34090124
  • [2]TPS Dynamics in Human Longevity and Precision Medicine - The Lancet (2022). PMID: 35322901
Common Panels:Cell Proliferation Oncology
View All Panels

Associated Longevity Guides & Clinical Calculators

Medicine 3.0

Explore comprehensive evidence-based clinical protocols, testing costs, and algorithmic calculators that incorporate Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen (TPS) into overall healthspan optimization.

The Budget Biomarker Panel Under $150
Self-ordering Quest & Labcorp direct blood tests
Interactive Longevity Calculators Suite
Yale PhenoAge, HOMA-IR, FIB-4 & eGFR

Related Hematology & CBC Biomarkers

High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
hs-CRP · < 0.5 mg/L
Serum Creatinine
Cr · 0.8 - 1.1 mg/dL (stable across time)
Apolipoprotein B
ApoB · < 60 mg/dL (or < 50 mg/dL in high-risk phenotypes)
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