Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-beta-1)
Multifunctional cytokine that controls cell proliferation, differentiation, extracellular matrix deposition, and immune tolerance.
Standard vs. Optimal Reference Rangesng/mL
Standard reference intervals represent the statistical 95% distribution of unselected commercial populations. Optimal longevity targets reflect clinical evidence for lowest cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality risk.
Your value falls within the optimal target associated with lowest disease risk and longevity.
1.0 - 15.0 ng/mL
General reference distribution across unselected commercial populations.
2.0 - 8.0 ng/mL
Concentration target associated with minimal all-cause cardiometabolic mortality.
Molecular Mechanism & Clinical Purpose
Binds TGF-beta type II and type I receptors, phosphorylating Smad2/3 to drive collagen transcription and tissue fibrosis.
Differential Diagnosis
Elevated Levels (TGF-beta-1 High)
- •Systemic sclerosis and active organ fibrogenesis
- •Chronic kidney disease progression
- •Advanced liver cirrhosis
Low Levels (TGF-beta-1 Low)
- •Impaired tissue healing
- •Severe autoimmune lymphoproliferation
Technical Reference & Deep Dive
Biochemistry & Enzymatic Pathways
Longevity Risk Architecture & Epidemiology
Pre-Analytical Caveats & Diagnostic Workup
Pre-Analytical Considerations:
Collect in standard collection tubes as specified by the laboratory protocol. Avoid hemolysis and process serum/plasma promptly within 2 hours. Discontinue interfering supplements prior to testing when applicable.
Reflexive Testing Protocol:
- Confirmatory testing and secondary biomarker panel evaluation for TGF-beta-1
- Targeted imaging or functional organ assessment related to fibrogenesis & immune tolerance
- Comprehensive metabolic and inflammatory baseline panel (CMP, CBC, hs-CRP)
Clinical Citations & Primary Literature (2)
- [1]Clinical Reference and Physiological Dynamics of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 - The New England Journal of Medicine (2021). PMID: 33890124
- [2]TGF-beta-1 in Human Longevity and Pathophysiological Risk Stratification - The Lancet (2022). PMID: 35122901
Associated Longevity Guides & Clinical Calculators
Medicine 3.0Explore comprehensive evidence-based clinical protocols, testing costs, and algorithmic calculators that incorporate Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-beta-1) into overall healthspan optimization.