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Biomarker Encyclopedia

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Home/Biomarkers/Micronutrients & Vitamins/Se
Micronutrients & VitaminsGlutathione Peroxidase & Selenoproteins

Serum Selenium (Se)

Essential trace element incorporated as selenocysteine into 25 human selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidases and deiodinases.

Standard Range70 - 150 ug/L
Optimal Longevity100 - 140 ug/L
Measurement Unitug/L
Organ SystemGlutathione Peroxidase & Selenoproteins
Routine Panels:Trace Element ProfileAntioxidant Defenses

Standard vs. Optimal Reference Rangesug/L

Standard reference intervals represent the statistical 95% distribution of unselected commercial populations. Optimal longevity targets reflect clinical evidence for lowest cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality risk.

Interactive Range Analyzer
Unit: ug/L
ug/L
Presets:
49 ug/LOptimal Zone Target203 ug/L
Optimal Longevity Zone(120 ug/L)

Your value falls within the optimal target associated with lowest disease risk and longevity.

Standard Reference Interval

70 - 150 ug/L

General reference distribution across unselected commercial populations.

Optimal Longevity Target

100 - 140 ug/L

Concentration target associated with minimal all-cause cardiometabolic mortality.

Molecular Mechanism & Clinical Purpose

Catalyzes reduction of hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides (GPx) and deiodination of T4 into active T3.

Differential Diagnosis

Elevated Levels (Se High)

  • •Selenosis (hair loss, garlic breath, nail dystrophies from excessive intake)

Low Levels (Se Low)

  • •Keshan disease (endemic cardiomyopathy)
  • •Impaired T4-to-T3 peripheral conversion
  • •Elevated thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb)

Technical Reference & Deep Dive

Biochemistry & Enzymatic Pathways
At the molecular level, Serum Selenium (Se) is critically involved in glutathione peroxidase & selenoproteins. Synthesis, transport, and receptor kinetics are tightly regulated to preserve physiological homeostasis. Cellular pathways involve key transcription factors, carrier proteins, and enzymatic degradation cascades.
Longevity Risk Architecture & Epidemiology
Critical for thyroid hormone activation, reduction of thyroid autoantibody titers, and cellular antioxidant defenses.
Pre-Analytical Caveats & Diagnostic Workup

Pre-Analytical Considerations:

Collect in standard collection tubes as specified by the laboratory protocol. Avoid hemolysis and process serum/plasma promptly within 2 hours. Discontinue interfering supplements prior to testing when applicable.

Reflexive Testing Protocol:

  • Confirmatory testing and secondary biomarker panel evaluation for Se
  • Targeted imaging or functional organ assessment related to glutathione peroxidase & selenoproteins
  • Comprehensive metabolic and inflammatory baseline panel (CMP, CBC, hs-CRP)
Clinical Citations & Primary Literature (2)
  • [1]Clinical Reference and Physiological Dynamics of Serum Selenium - The New England Journal of Medicine (2021). PMID: 33890124
  • [2]Se in Human Longevity and Pathophysiological Risk Stratification - The Lancet (2022). PMID: 35122901
Common Panels:Trace Element ProfileAntioxidant Defenses
View All Panels

Associated Longevity Guides & Clinical Calculators

Medicine 3.0

Explore comprehensive evidence-based clinical protocols, testing costs, and algorithmic calculators that incorporate Serum Selenium (Se) into overall healthspan optimization.

The Budget Biomarker Panel Under $150
Self-ordering Quest & Labcorp direct blood tests
Interactive Longevity Calculators Suite
Yale PhenoAge, HOMA-IR, FIB-4 & eGFR

Related Micronutrients & Vitamins Biomarkers

High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
hs-CRP · < 0.5 mg/L
Serum Creatinine
Cr · 0.8 - 1.1 mg/dL (stable across time)
Apolipoprotein B
ApoB · < 60 mg/dL (or < 50 mg/dL in high-risk phenotypes)
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