Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa)
Calculated percentage of filtered sodium excreted in urine: (Urine Na x Serum Cr) / (Serum Na x Urine Cr) x 100.
Standard vs. Optimal Reference Ranges%
Standard reference intervals represent the statistical 95% distribution of unselected commercial populations. Optimal longevity targets reflect clinical evidence for lowest cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality risk.
Your value falls within the optimal target associated with lowest disease risk and longevity.
<1.0% (prerenal), >2.0% (intrinsic ATN)
General reference distribution across unselected commercial populations.
<1.0% (in oliguric prerenal state)
Concentration target associated with minimal all-cause cardiometabolic mortality.
Molecular Mechanism & Clinical Purpose
Reflects the capacity of proximal and distal renal tubules to reabsorb sodium in the setting of acute oliguric renal dysfunction.
Differential Diagnosis
Elevated Levels (FENa High)
- •Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN, FENa >2.0% due to damaged tubular reabsorption)
- •Diuretic use (causes false elevation)
Low Levels (FENa Low)
- •Prerenal azotemia (FENa <1.0%, hypovolemia, dehydration, CHF, hepatorenal syndrome)
- •Acute glomerulonephritis
Technical Reference & Deep Dive
Biochemistry & Enzymatic Pathways
Longevity Risk Architecture & Epidemiology
Pre-Analytical Caveats & Diagnostic Workup
Pre-Analytical Considerations:
Specimen collection should follow standardized phlebotomy protocols. Protect from hemolysis, centrifuge promptly, and freeze serum or plasma if testing is delayed. Patient should be in a resting, fasting state where indicated.
Reflexive Testing Protocol:
- Confirmatory testing and secondary biomarker quantification for FENa
- Targeted organ system imaging or functional dynamic testing related to renal sodium handling & azotemia
- Comprehensive baseline metabolic, renal, and inflammatory assessment (CMP, CBC, hs-CRP)
Clinical Citations & Primary Literature (2)
- [1]Clinical Reference and Molecular Physiology of Fractional Excretion of Sodium - The New England Journal of Medicine (2021). PMID: 34090124
- [2]FENa Dynamics in Human Longevity and Precision Medicine - The Lancet (2022). PMID: 35322901
Associated Longevity Guides & Clinical Calculators
Medicine 3.0Explore comprehensive evidence-based clinical protocols, testing costs, and algorithmic calculators that incorporate Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) into overall healthspan optimization.